Evaluación del efecto de dos plantas medicinales sobre la presencia de vidrios spp en el camarón blanco (litopenaeus vannamei)

Abstract

In Ecuador and the world shrimp farming has increased over the years and this increase is mainly due to the high demand for this product and producers have the need to increase their cultivation densities reaching intensive systems. that implies a greater control in the quality of water and the feeding. In addition, in these systems there is a greater likelihood that organisms become sick due to the high density of planting, that is, there is a greater number of organisms in a small area and this accumulation causes more lacerations among animals when they are in process of molting and these wounds are access roads for the disease to occur. In extensive and semi-intensive crops there are also problems of diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa, usually the first 15 to 20 days after planting an event occurs due to climate changes or poor preparation of the pool, The most common disease in these culture systems is caused by vibrios. The vibrios are part of the environment where aquatic organisms live and are present in the water and in the seedling which means that the shrimp will feed on the middle seedling and this becomes infected, but the organism gets sick when there is an imbalance in the environment, poor water quality due to low concentrations of oxygen, acidic or alkaline pH or very low temperatures, all these factors cause the organisms to become stressed and their immune system decreases and that is when the bacteria commonly vibrate, is say they are opportunistic pathogens and while the parameters are controlled and a good management protocol is in place there will be no risk of any strong bacterial attack on the crops, this does not mean that the shrimp will not get sick. The use of antibiotics and organic acids serve as preventive and non-curative methods. Now the abuse of these chemical compounds in shrimp farms has had a negative effect due to improper handling in the pools causing bacterial resistance. Hence the idea of replacing the use of antibiotics with natural essences such as infusions and oils from medicinal plants, which help to inhibit bacterial growth. In the present work the effect of two medicinal plants lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) and basil (Ocinum basilicum) on the presence of vibrios sp. in the white shrimp (litopenaeus vannamei), for which an infusion of the plants was carried out in which 10 g of leaves were placed in 100 ml of distilled water, leaving it to boil until boiling; 9 drawers with a capacity of 55 liters were used placing 9 shrimp in each drawer with an average weight of 9.35 g in 25 liters of water with aeration, a dose of 300 μl of infusion was used per gram of balanced each with three repetitions during a period of 10 days with two daily doses, in the course of the investigation 22.6 ml of infusion and 75.6 g of balanced by treatment were used. Then the microbiology of the shrimp hepatopancreas was performed on TCBS agar exclusively for vibrios, it was allowed to incubate for 24 hours for the final count. An ANOVA statistical analysis was performed, which indicated that there is an effect of the infusions on the vibrios.