Principales síntomas y técnicas para la identificación del sindrome de mortalidad temprana (ems) en camarón blanco litopenaeus vannamei.

Abstract

In the world, diseases related to the cultivation of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei have been increasing due to the high density currently planted in the fattening ponds. The syndrome of early mortality or EMS for its acronym in English (Early Mortality Syndrome) or also known as Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Syndrome (AHPNS), this pathology is caused by toxins released from the digestive tract to the hepatopancreas by strains of vibrios that they contain the pVPA3-1 plasmid that encode the Pir A and Pir B toxins. This disease is characterized by three phases, the acute one where alteration in the epithelial cells of the tubules can be observed and the cells stop dividing, in the intermediate phase there is presence of methanization of the tubules ending with cell detachment and finally in the terminal phase can be observed a destruction of the hepatopancreas produced by bacterial action accompanied by hemocytic infiltration both intra and extra tubular with presence of necrosis and melanosis associated with infections bacterial secondary, while in the middle the shrimp presents erratic swimming, low growth and little presence of intestinal content or in certain cases the intestine is empty. The mortalities produced by this disease can reach 100% of the population in the first 30 or 40 days of cultivation. In the present work a review was made on the symptoms that the shrimp presents and which are the main techniques to identify this disease.