Actividad antidiarreica y antibacteriana de cáscaras de plátano verde.

Abstract

Urban solid waste, industrial waste, and agricultural waste are increasing rapidly each year, becoming a major source of pollution worldwide. In Ecuador, banana plantations are a driving force of local and international productivity and economy; however, their large-scale cultivation leads to the accumulation of waste, which becomes garbage due to the lack of proper recycling systems. These byproducts, including leaves, pseudostems, and peels, are discarded without any value, despite studies showing that they contain valuable substances, such as pectins, mucilages, carbohydrates, phenols, and tannins, which confer bioactive and nutritional properties. Based on this information, this work seeks to evaluate the antibacterial and antidiarrheal activity of Musa peels through in vitro and in vivo assays for their use in the pharmaceutical and/or food industries. The methodology used was descriptive, using systematic observation as a technique. The study population consisted of three species: Musa acuminata AAB (Blue Java) and Musa acuminata AAB (Ducasse), collected from the Faculty of Agronomy at UTMACH, and Musa paradisiaca plantain (Dominico), obtained as waste from the UTMACH Miller Bar. These species were processed and stored in airtight bags to subsequently prepare the 20% w/v extracts using an 80:20 acetone:water mixture. For the determination of antidiarrheal activity, 5 groups of male Mus Musculus mice were used, to which distilled water, castor oil, loperamide, 100 mg/kg of weight of the extracts and 500 mg/kg of weight of the drug respectively were administered. The antibacterial activity was developed by the method of determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), this test was used as an in vitro model Escherichia Coli, Pseudomona Aeruginosa Gram-negative bacteria and Staphylococcus Aureus, Gram-positive bacteria. The doses used were 1250 mg/mL, 125 mg/mL, 62,5 mg/mL, 31,25 mg/mL, 15,63 mg/mL, 7,81 mg/mL, 3,90 mg/mL of acetone extract of each species under study. Statistical analysis was performed using the Jamovi statistical program. The results showed antidiarrheal capacity for the three species, being in greater proportion the Musa Paradisiaca Plantain (Dominico) species. Regarding antibacterial activity, the minimum bactericidal concentration was determined to be 125 mg/mL and 250 mg/mL, depending on the extract and the type of bacteria, with higher doses providing better results. This demonstrates the antidiarrheal and antibacterial properties of banana peel extract.