Actualización en el manejo de la vaginosis bacteriana a partir de la edad fértil

Abstract

Introduction: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is one of the most common vaginal infections in women of childbearing age, characterized by dysbiosis of the vaginal microbiota that favors the growth of pathogenic bacteria, predominantly lactobacilli. Objective: To analyze therapeutic strategies for the management of BV in women of childbearing age., through the review of evidence-based scientific literature, in order to strengthen their application in medical practice and improve the quality of life of patients. Methodology: This study adopted a systematic review approach of the current scientific literature by searching PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Ebsco Host databases. Inclusion criteria focused on clinical trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses published in the last five years. Development: In clinical practice, BV is diagnosed by Amsel criteria, which show 70% sensitivity and 94% specificity. The Nugent score is used in research showing sensitivity 89% and specificity 83%. Clinical therapies include broad-spectrum antibiotics against anaerobic microorganisms and protozoa, and/or the use of probiotics. Another alternative for the management of BV is under study, consisting of vaginal microbiome transplantation (VMT). Conclusion: Treatment of BV is centered on the use of antibiotics such as metronidazole and clindamycin. Emerging strategies, such as the use of probiotics to restore the vaginal microbiome, have shown promising results in clinical studies. New treatments such as VMT and research into innovative antimicrobial agents mark a significant change in its management.