Complicaciones y tratamiento de las fracturas supracondíleas de húmero en la infancia

Abstract

Introduction: Supracondylar fractures of the humerus, are caused by the solution of continuity of the distal metaphysis of the humerus, above the condyles; it is the most common fracture around the elbow affecting most frequently children between the ages of 5 to 7 years, they are classified into four types according to the degree of complexity, although most are simple fractures with good prognosis complications may occur that vary according to the time in which treatment is instituted therefore the urgency of immediate attention lies in the prevention of complications and sequelae. Objective: to describe the complications and treatment of supracondylar humerus fractures in childhood by means of an updated bibliographic review. Methodology: a systematic review with a descriptive, qualitative and cross-sectional approach was performed by searching highly specialized databases of updated scientific articles from the last 5 years. Conclusions: The most frequent complications were neurological being most commonly affected the median nerve, vascular complications and ulnar varus, in less frequency are myositis ossificans, avascular necrosis of the trochlea and infections. On the other hand, the modified Gartland classification allows to guide the physician on the most appropriate management depending on the type of fracture, from a conservative management applied in grades I and II, to surgical management in the case of more complex fractures such as those of grade III and IV.