Desnutrición crónica en niños menores de cinco años: una visión a los determinantes de riesgo actuales

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Child malnutrition is a persistent challenge associated with unfavorable family, personal and social conditions. Deficient economic income, maternal factors, as well as inadequate care and feeding, are the factors that generally affect cases of chronic child malnutrition. OBJECTIVE: To identify the risk factors with the highest incidence that favor chronic malnutrition in pediatric children under five years of age, through a high impact literature review, in order to correlate and adapt it to what has occurred in our locality. METHODOLOGY: A literature review was carried out, integrating high impact articles, such as systematic reviews, meta-analysis, case reports and clinical trials, published in the last 5 years in the digital medical platforms Pubmed, The Lancet and ScienceDirect. CONCLUSION: It was identified that male sex, quality and quantity of food, inadequate hygienic measures, and socioeconomic level strongly influence on its development, although the latter was the most prevalent with the humanitarian problems of war, pandemic and immigration. In El Oro it is only 16.6%; however, the figures are expected to increase, as the socioeconomic levels of certain localities decreased. Subsequent identification and control are the best methods to corroborate the effectiveness of promotion and prevention efforts.