El impacto de la inteligencia artificial en la transformación del comercio internacional: una revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as one of the most influential technologies in the transformation of international trade. This article presents a literature review aimed at analyzing the main applications of AI in foreign trade, identifying opportunities, limitations, and future trends. The methodology consisted of a systematic review of academic literature and institutional reports published between 2015 and 2025 in databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The findings reveal that AI is being applied in five strategic areas: (i) forecasting import and export trends, (ii) market intelligence based on big data, (iii) decision support systems in international operations, (iv) modernization of ports and customs, and (v) management of regulatory, ethical, and technological challenges. In addition, the literature points to a projection of AI integration with blockchain, IoT, and digital traceability systems, shaping an international trade ecosystem that is increasingly automated and transparent. The review also highlights significant gaps, such as limited empirical evidence from developing countries, a lack of comparative studies between AI and traditional methods, and the absence of homogeneous international regulatory frameworks. These challenges underscore the need for inclusive public policies, international cooperation, and the development of digital skills. In conclusion, AI is consolidating as a central driver in the transformation of international trade, with the potential to redefine global competitiveness and efficiency. However, its real impact will depend on the ability to overcome the current technological, ethical, and regulatory barriers that hinder its equitable adoption.