Manejo integral de la eclampsia: análisis de un caso clínico.

Abstract

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), particularly eclampsia, are among the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Ecuador, preeclampsia significantly affects a considerable percentage of pregnant women, constituting a public health concern. Eclampsia, characterized by seizures not attributable to other causes in women with preeclampsia, requires immediate and multidisciplinary intervention. To develop a nursing care plan for a patient diagnosed with eclampsia, applying the Nursing Process (NP) based on Marjory Gordon’s functional health patterns and the NANDA-I, NOC, and NIC taxonomies. A 22-year-old primigravida at 32 weeks of gestation was admitted unconscious after experiencing generalized tonic-clonic seizures and a blood pressure of 170/114 mmHg. She underwent intubation, sedation, administration of magnesium sulfate and antihypertensives, and emergency cesarean delivery, resulting in a live preterm newborn. A basic descriptive qualitative study with a case study design was conducted. Data collection involved direct observation, interviews, and medical record review. Alterations were identified in the cognitive perceptual, activity-exercise, nutritional-metabolic, and role-relationship patterns. Nursing diagnoses included risk for unstable blood pressure and impaired maternal-fetal dyad. Interventions focused on hemodynamic stabilization, seizure prevention, fluid management, psychosocial support, and discharge education. The structured implementation of the Nursing Process enabled comprehensive, safe, and effective care. The nursing approach played a critical role in achieving maternal stabilization and neonatal well-being, reaffirming its essential function in managing obstetric emergencies.