Duelo del hijo ideal en cuidadores primarios tras el diagnóstico inicial de TEA.

Abstract

he grieving process in mothers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex emotional experience that arises after diagnosis, when confronted with the difference between the idealized child and reality. This study was developed based on the principles of the systemic approach, supported by the theoretical contributions of Salvador Minuchin and John Bell, which offer a perspective focused on understanding problems and phenomena as complex systems. The objective is to understand the process of mourning the ideal child experienced by primary caregivers after their children are diagnosed with ASD. A qualitative approach was used, with a descriptive case study design and a cross-sectional scope, revealing that each mother experiences the grieving process in a unique way, showing great heterogeneity in emotional expression, expectations regarding motherhood, and the construction of their maternal identity. The sample consisted of four mothers who were caregivers of children diagnosed with ASD; these participants were selected through non-probabilistic convenience sampling in the cantons of Piñas and Huaquillas, in the province of El Oro (Ecuador). Significant data were obtained through the use of semi-structured interviews, direct observation, and a standardized instrument. It was confirmed that mothers experience a process of deep emotional grief following an autism diagnosis, with stages of denial, anger, and sadness, followed by transformative acceptance. It was concluded that, despite the multiple emotions they experience, such as guilt, anxiety, and isolation, they develop resilience, rebuilding their maternal identity and strengthening the bond with their children through love and commitment.