Complicaciones postoperatorias de la colecistectomía laparoscópica en el ecuador. revisión sistemática y metaanálisis.

Abstract

Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is widely used due to its benefits over open surgery; however, it is not without postoperative complications. Objective: To determine the most frequent postoperative complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Ecuador through a quantitative analysis and compare them with global literature via a documentary review. Methods: A meta-analysis of publications from the period 2019-2024 obtained from institutional repositories and indexed journals in Spanish and English was conducted. Studies describing postoperative complications of patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Ecuador were included. Quantitative analysis was performed using MedCalc software. Results: From 5 records with a total of 1340 individuals, a general complication rate of 6.52% was determined. The most common were surgical site infections (1.401%), biliary tract injuries (1.546%), and abscesses (0.72%). Conclusion: The variability in complication rates was attributed to factors such as regional differences and surgical techniques. The surgeon's expertise and the application of standardized protocols, including measures such as Strasberg's critical view of safety, are essential to minimize complications. Emerging technologies and prophylactic processes improve clinical outcomes.