Gestión ambiental de relaves mineros con tecnologías limpias en la parte alta de El Oro

Abstract

This research presents an environmental management plan for the sustainable handling of mining tailings using clean technologies in the highlands of El Oro province, Ecuador. The area has been affected by decades of mining activities that have caused water and soil pollution, biodiversity loss, social conflicts, and health risks. An initial environmental assessment identified key abiotic, biotic, and socio-economic impacts. A literature review was conducted using Scopus and Web of Science, following PRISMA criteria to identify relevant studies. Clean technologies selected include phytoremediation using vetiver and moringa extract, phytomining with Ipomoea batatas, iron-modified biochar, mercury-free centrifugal gold recovery, and reuse of tailings in cement and paving blocks. The proposed plan includes the application of the PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) model, continuous environmental monitoring, technical training, and institutional coordination. These actions aim to reduce tailings’ toxicity and volume, ensure regulatory compliance, and promote circular economy practices in mining operations.