Fundamentación de un modelo psicológico para el tratamiento de la fobia específica situacional.

Abstract

The objective of this study was to base a psychopathological diagnosis and an appropriate therapeutic model, based on the analysis of a documented case and an exhaustive bibliographic review. For the elaboration of this work, documentary research was used with a qualitative approach, using books and articles to collect scientific information that contributes to a better understanding of the case. In the present work, the case of a 70-year-old woman, afraid to travel by plane, was analyzed. Based on the review of the documented case and according to the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-V, the diagnosis of specific situational phobia was established. Specific phobia is a disorder characterized by the presence of intense anxiety and discomfort when faced with a specific stimulus, which makes it difficult to carry out daily activities. The cognitive behavioral model is considered the most effective in the treatment of this disorder according to studies conducted in people with phobias because it reduces anxiety, avoidant behaviors, as well as provides greater confidence and self-efficacy in the individual. Experimental studies are recommended in relation to other cognitive behavioural strategies such as participant modeling, cognitive restructuring and systematic desensitisation because there is not much recent research on the above techniques.