Utilidad de las maniobras de exploración física para el diagnóstico de la lesión de ligamento cruzado anterior

Abstract

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is very frequent and is due to mechanisms such as deceleration, hyperextension and rotation, in greater proportion in sports practice. In the United States approximately 200,000 cases are registered annually and according to INEC data, in Ecuador there are 3000 cases annually where 50% of knee injuries correspond to anterior cruciate ligament rupture, of which 75% are caused by sports injuries. Objective: To describe the usefulness of physical examination maneuvers for the diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament injury by means of a bibliographic review of scientific articles for its adequate application. Methodology: Descriptive review based on the research of scientific articles obtained from search engines such as PubMed, The Lancet, Scielo, Cochrane, where the articles with the greatest scientific contribution in relation to the topic addressed were selected. Results: It is evidenced that among the examination tests, the Pivot Shift maneuver presents a better specificity of 94%, with a sensitivity of 55% while the lever sign test has a high sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 91% in relation to the detection of ACL injuries, which is why they are considered the most appropriate within the physical examination of this pathology.