Análisis del impacto de los acuerdos comerciales entre Ecuador y Estados Unidos en la exportación de harina de banano

Abstract

This essay analyzes the impact of trade agreements between Ecuador and the United States on the export of banana flour, a product with significant value-added potential and growing international demand. Although Ecuador is a global leader in banana exports, only a fraction of production is processed into derivatives such as flour, representing a strategic opportunity to diversify the country’s export portfolio. The study reveals that, while the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) has provided tariff benefits, the absence of a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the United States limits the competitiveness of banana flour compared to other regional countries with stronger trade frameworks. Non-tariff barriers—such as phytosanitary regulations, labeling, and quality certifications—remain the main challenges for small and medium-sized exporters, increasing costs and restricting market access. By contrast, the experience of the Multipartite Agreement with the European Union demonstrates that well-structured agreements can significantly enhance exports and competitiveness. Methodologically, this research followed a qualitative and documentary approach, relying on scientific literature, institutional reports, and international trade data. Findings indicate that, despite Ecuador’s comparative advantages in banana production, the expansion of banana flour exports depends on overcoming technical barriers and negotiating specific trade agreements. Strengthening product quality, supporting exporters through targeted policies, and advancing toward broader trade agreements are key strategies to consolidate Ecuadorian banana flour in strategic markets such as the United States.