Abordaje diagnóstico y orientación terapéutica en diabetes mellitus tipo 2

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by a high level of sugar in the blood, its origin is multicausal, it can cause multiple complications without adequate treatment. Objective: To provide updated information for the diagnosis and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, through a scientific review of evidence-based medicine that guarantees the adequate management of glycemic complications in patients with this metabolic disorder. Materials and methods: A search was made for information published in the last 2 years on the PubMed platform, SCIELO, SCOPUS and medical journals such as ALAD, ADA, IDF, ESC / EAS, among others, using each topic as a keyword. and subtopics described, Observations: A resistance or alteration of insulin secretion is the main cause of type 2 diabetes mellitus, which is related to heredity and excess abdominal fat, at the beginning it can be asymptomatic but then hyper or hypoglycemic symptoms appear , its diagnosis is based on detecting alteration in glucose metabolism, its treatment is comprehensive based on diet and exercise, hypoglycemic medications and surgery according to the needs and decisions of the patient as well as disease prevention. Conclusion: the initial treatment of the patient should be with 15g of glucose orally or its equivalent, once stabilized a complete medical history will be made and a therapeutic plan will be established according to the HbA1c or glycemia and comorbidities taking into account the cardiovascular risk.