Análisis hidrológico para el control de inundaciones mediante la aplicación de sistemas urbanos de drenaje sostenibles, en el cantón Machala

Abstract

In the present experimental titling work a hydrological modeling is performed to simulate the surface runoff generated in an urban area located north of the Machala canton, in order to identify the occurrence of floods due to the impermeability of the soil, and with the premise that the canton drainage system is working at maximum capacity. In this canton, as well as in other parts of the world, due to population growth, an increase in urban infrastructure has been generated, therefore, permeable soil has been replaced by impermeable surfaces that alter the natural process of water, causing the decrease evaporation and infiltration, consequently, the recharge of groundwater is reduced and the volume of surface runoff increases. The negative effects of replacing permeable surfaces with totally impermeable ones are notable when heavy rain events occur. Such is the case, that in the urban area of the Machala canton when heavy rains occur, the sewerage system has to transport, in addition to wastewater, high runoff flows and in many cases its capacity is exceeded and collapses, causing floods that generate social and economic impacts. The hydrological model was made in SWMM 5.1, this software is open source and has been widely used to develop hydrological and hydraulic models worldwide, also has LID control modules to implement sustainable drainage systems, such as rain gardens, barrels of rain, green roofs, infiltration ditches and permeable pavements.