Identificación molecular de leptospira icterohemorrágica en roedores y aguas residuales del sector norte del cantón Machala.

Abstract

Introduction: Globally, more than 1 million severe cases of leptospirosis are detected each year (1). In Ecuador, the lack of sanitary controls within the public health system increases the presence of the bacteria in both animal and human populations, leading to symptoms and, in many cases, death. Objective: To determine the incidence of Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae in rodents and wastewater in the northern sector of the city of Machala through the PCR laboratory technique. Methodology: This study was conducted in the province of El Oro, in the northern zone of the city of Machala. It is a cross-sectional study with both quantitative and qualitative characteristics: quantitative, because it was carried out over a short period of time, involving sample collection to identify the presence of Leptospira; and qualitative, because the data obtained allowed the identification of percentages and corresponding analysis. Results: The results determined through the application of PCR analysis and wastewater testing were significant, as 60% of the results indicated contamination by leptospirosis, while 40% were negative for Leptospira bacteria. Conclusions: The intervention proved to be important, as it was shown that wastewater was the main factor in the persistence of this zoonosis. Therefore, continuing to raise awareness in the population about hygiene, cleanliness, and biosecurity strategies is crucial to control and prevent this disease.