Impacto de la digitalización y la eficiencia de los procesos aduaneros de importación en el puerto de Guayaquil

Abstract

This study analyzes the impact of digitalization on the efficiency of customs import processes at the Port of Guayaquil, Ecuador’s main logistics hub. The research identifies how the implementation of digital systems, such as ECUAPASS and SICE, has reduced clearance times, optimized document management, and strengthened transparency, in line with international trade standards. A survey was conducted with 30 logistics operators, customs agents, and port officials, whose results revealed mostly positive perceptions: 80% consider that digitalized processes are faster and more accurate than manual ones, and over 70% expressed satisfaction with digital services. However, technical and human limitations persist, including system interruptions, lack of interoperability, and insufficient continuous training. These challenges highlight the need to strengthen technological infrastructure and training programs to ensure the efficient use of digital tools. In conclusion, digitalization represents a substantial step forward in improving competitiveness, reducing logistics costs, and enhancing customs efficiency; nevertheless, its consolidation requires overcoming structural and institutional barriers. This study provides a critical and proactive analysis that can serve as a basis for public policies aimed at modernizing Ecuador’s customs system and ensuring its sustainability in the face of global trade demands.