Terapéutica para el síndrome de abstinencia por fentanilo en adultos: revisión sistemática.

Abstract

Introduction: Fentanyl, a synthetic opioid long utilized in clinical settings, has sparked apublic health crisis due to its illicit use and the escalating dependence it induces, leading toa significant rise in mortality rates. In North America, fentanyl-related deaths have surgeddramatically, and its impact is beginning to be felt in South America, including Ecuador. The misuse of fentanyl precipitate withdrawal syndrome, characterized by severe physicaland psychological symptoms, posing a substantial healthcare challenge due to the drug’shigh potency and rapid metabolism, which complicates clinical management. Objective:This systematic review aims to develop a treatment algorithm based on the synthesis ofcurrent scientific literature to guide the therapeutic management of fentanyl withdrawalsyndrome in adults, with the goal of optimizing clinical care. Methods: A systematic reviewwas conducted, guided by the PICO framework. Databases such as PUBMED and LILACSwere utilized. The initial search yielded 543 studies, from which six studies were ultimatelyincluded: one systematic review, three case reports, and two literature reviews. Results: Thefindings were particularly detailed as they focused on both pharmacological andnon-pharmacological treatments, aligning with the study's objective to identify acomprehensive treatment approach for patients experiencing fentanyl withdrawalsyndrome. Conclusions: This study highlights the urgent need for a standardized approachto managing fentanyl withdrawal syndrome, consolidating current best practices into atherapeutic algorithm. The proposed algorithm provides a flexible tool for healthcareprofessionals, enhancing treatment efficacy while also supporting future research and public health policy initiatives addressing the fentanyl crisis.