Diseño de un modelo de gestión integral para mejorar la adherencia terapéutica en pacientes con diabetes mellitus Tipo II en el Centro de Salud Tipo B Venezuela.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to design an integrated management model aimed at improving therapeutic adherence in patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) assigned to the Centro de Salud Tipo B Venezuela, in Machala, Ecuador. A mixed-method research design was used, with an applied approach, combining descriptive, correlational, and propositional components. The quantitative phase included the administration of structured surveys to 357 patients diagnosed with T2DM, while the qualitative phase allowed for an understanding of the organizational and educational context that influences adherence. The statistical analysis involved descriptive techniques (frequencies, measures of central tendency and dispersion) and inferential methods, including the Pearson correlation coefficient to identify significant associations among sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral variables. A high prevalence of low therapeutic adherence was found, mainly attributed to noncompliance with dosage schedules, discontinuation of medication due to perceived wellness or discomfort, and lack of health education. A statistically significant relationship was observed between educational level, frequency of medical checkups, and treatment adherence. Based on these findings, an integrated management model was designed, centered on the principles of primary health care, incorporating clinical, educational, and organizational components. The model proposes continuous education strategies, psychosocial support, and multidisciplinary coordination to ensure continuity of care. Its implementation could have a positive impact on patients' quality of life and reduce complications associated with T2DM, becoming a replicable tool for other primary care facilities.