Proceso de atención de enfermería en recién nacido con enfermedad de la membrana hialina

Abstract

Introduction: Hyaline membrane disease or also called severe respiratory distress syndrome is predominant in preterm newborns; that is, in those neonates who are born before reaching 37 weeks of gestation, due to the deficiency of pulmonary surfactant, which is composed of lipids and proteins and fulfills the function of a tensoactive substance produced by type II pneumocytes that covers the alveoli. This pathology is considered one of the most frequent causes of acute respiratory failure in the area of the neonatal intensive care unit. It is estimated that 53% of deaths occur before 28 days of life, 77% are caused by respiratory distress and of which 50% are due to hyaline membrane disease. One of the treatments used to reduce respiratory distress is the implementation of two doses of betamethasone phosphate, the use of these corticosteroids will cause type I and II pneumocytes to develop in an accelerated way, therefore, structural and biochemical changes will occur with so that gas exchange and ventilatory mechanics are improved.