Protocolo químico forense a través de nuevas metodologías aplicadas en casos de residuos de disparos dentro del proceso penal acusatorio.

Abstract

The residue analysis is used to link an individual in a punishable act where the action of shooting by firearms is involved, in order to provide justice administrators with evidence based on scientific facts that allow clarifying the facts. . Techniques for the analysis of gunshot residues have evolved over the years, not only because they have been relieved by the arrival of new technology, but also because they have been replaced in the technical-scientific framework, proposing a forensic chemical protocol for gunshot residues within the accusatory criminal taking into account the mortality statistics in the country by firearms in conjunction with the current Ecuadorian regulations to determine the functions of the forensic chemical professional in the analysis of the different methodologies used in Latin America. Through the different revisions of methodologies, we highlight the colorimetric and instrumental techniques, highlighting the Scanning Electron Microscopy, which is considered one of the most versatile techniques in the study and analysis of the microstructural characteristics of solid objects from gunshot residue; materials of a different nature, both organic and inorganic, can be observed and superficially characterized, providing detailed morphological information. In Ecuador, the illegal possession and carrying of firearms is a crime punishable by imprisonment from one to three years and is stipulated in article 260 of the Organic Comprehensive Criminal Code (COIP).