Procesamiento del banano de descarte y productos con valor agregado en pequeños productores ecuatorianos

Abstract

Banana is one of Ecuador’s main agricultural crops, positioning the country as a global leader in exports. However, a significant share of production is discarded for not meeting export quality standards, which generates economic losses and environmental issues, particularly for small-scale producers who rely on this activity. This study analyzes banana discard processing as a sustainable alternative to create value-added products and diversify income sources. Among the most relevant transformation options are banana flour, pulp, jams, marmalades, confectionery, snacks, fermented beverages, and artisanal liquors, as well as agroecological uses such as compost and natural fertilizers. These practices reduce waste, strengthen the local economy, and foster agro-industrial innovation. The benefits are evident in three main areas: economic, by reducing post-harvest losses and opening new market niches; social, by generating employment and improving rural households’ economic security; and environmental, by decreasing soil and water contamination from organic residues. Nevertheless, small producers face important limitations, including lack of financing, dependence on intermediaries, low technical training, weak administrative management, and strict regulatory requirements. Competition with large producers further reduces the profitability of banana discard processing. The study proposes strategies such as technical and business training, producer associations, use of low-cost technologies (solar dryers, manual mills), access to green credit, and institutional support. In conclusion, banana discard valorization represents a feasible pathway to foster sustainable development, strengthen agricultural resilience, and improve the quality of life for small producers in Ecuador.