Análisis del impacto ambiental de los manglares por la contaminación de los metales pesados y bacteriológicos

Abstract

Mangrove forests have a significant impact on the ecosystem, they are the habitat of different marine species, reptiles, crustaceans and birds, they also act as natural walls against hurricanes and storms in coastal areas. Despite its importance, anthropogenic activity has caused the loss of numerous hectares; it is estimated that 35% of the world's mangroves have disappeared. Heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Hg, Pb, Cd, among others) cause toxic effects and pathogenic microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Vibrio spp.) are responsible for infectious diseases, these contaminants come from the growing industrialization and urbanization of coastal zones. In order to solve the practical case, the objective was to analyze the environmental impact of mangroves, through heavy metal and bacteriological studies for the evaluation of the level of contaminants, applying the deductive descriptive method through the collection and review of scientific documents, since it is concluded that it is necessary to apply chemical and bacteriological methods to determine if the mangroves meet the quality requirements. For this reason, it is necessary to efficiently apply national and international regulations for protection and conservation, among them we have the Organic Environmental Code (COA) and the Convention Relating to Wetlands of International Importance (RAMSAR), since it allows regulating the dumping of metals. heavy and improve wastewater treatment.