La bioética aplicada en la gestión de enfermería en el Hospital General Machala.

Abstract

Abstract: Bioethics is a fundamental pillar in nursing care management, especially in highly demanding clinical settings such as the emergency department. This research aimed to determine the application of bioethical principles by nursing staff at Machala General Hospital, assessing their level of knowledge, perception, practical application, and perceived institutional barriers. A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 42 nursing graduates. A structured Likert-type questionnaire was used, validated by experts and with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.94. The instrument addressed four key dimensions: knowledge, perception, application, and ethical barriers. The results showed that 90% of staff reported being familiar with bioethical principles, and 93% recognized their applicability in clinical management. However, only 52% had received formal training in bioethics. Promoting well-being was the most valued dimension (95%), while participatory resolution of ethical conflicts received less consensus (67%). The most frequent dilemas included prioritization of patients (74%), unequal workloads (69%), and lack of institutional support (61%). It was concluded that, although staff demonstrate a solid ethical foundation, structural barriers persist that limit its effective application. It is recommended that continuing education be strengthened, healthcare ethics committees be created, and policies be established that promote a bioethical and participatory institutional culture.