Ejercicios físicos que ayuden a disminuir la obesidad en los estudiantes de 10 a 12 años

Abstract

This research study focused on physical exercises aimed at reducing obesity in students aged 10 to 12 at the Luis Ángel León Román Educational Unit. The main objective of this study is to implement physical exercises that have the greatest impact on reducing obesity. To achieve this, the specific objectives were to identify which exercises help decrease obesity in this student population, assess their obesity levels using the Body Mass Index (BMI) test, and finally, develop a methodological guide of physical exercises targeted at physical education teachers to support obesity reduction.Data collection was based on a mixed approach, using a descriptive methodology that made it possible to diagnose the current situation at the Luis Ángel León Román Educational Unit, particularly regarding the inadequate implementation of physical exercises and the lack of teacher knowledge in applying effective routines. The most relevant methods in this study were the analytical-synthetic method, accompanied by complementary techniques such as literature or bibliographic review. These methodological tools were essential for gathering information aligned with the objectives of this research. The sample consisted of 31 students from sixth and seventh grade, as well as one physical education teacher. The main instruments used were the interview — which allowed for the collection of detailed information through dialogue with the teacher — and the BMI analysis, which was crucial for identifying how many students were affected by obesity based on previously established parameters. The combination of both tools was essential to ensure accurate and reliable data throughout the study.The analysis of the results revealed that, although the physical education teacher has a general understanding of the benefits of physical activity and applies a variety of exercises in class, there is insufficient strategic preparation to design and implement specific programs effectively aimed at tackling childhood obesity. Based on the findings and in fulfillment of the third specific objective, an integrative proposal was developed, focused on designing a methodological guide with physical exercise routines aimed at reducing obesity in students.Logistical resources were also included, along with a feasibility assessment of the project, taking into account technical, economic, social, and environmental dimensions. This analysis showed that the necessary conditions are in place to achieve the proposed goals, confirming both the feasibility of the proposal and the availability of material resources by those responsible for its implementation.