Abordaje diagnóstico actualizado del carcinoma de células basales

Abstract

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a relatively common malignant skin tumor in humans. It is considered a locally invasive, aggressive and destructive cancer but with little risk of metastasis. The worldwide incidence of BCC is steadily increasing, but cannot be accurately estimated as this tumor is not consistently reported. Currently there are non-invasive diagnostic methods such as dermoscopy, optical coherence tomography, confocal reflectance microscopy, SIAscopy/MoleMate system, high frequency ultrasonography that are under investigation, so it is essential to be informed about the appropriate methods to implement in the diagnosis of BCC. Objective: To describe the most commonly used diagnostic approach to Basal Cell Carcinoma through a literature review of the last 5 years for the establishment of an early management of this disease. Methodology: Descriptive study, documentary review in different international databases such as PubMed, MeSH, MDPI, Springer, of the last 5 years for the diagnostic approach of Basal Cell Carcinoma. Conclusion: Dermoscopy plays a fundamental role and together with clinical observation has high sensitivity and specificity in low risk lesions where a direct treatment can be applied;OCT may become a useful tool for the dermatologist in the future, due to the possibility of a diagnosis in real time. Although there are advances in these non-invasive methods, it is concluded that biopsy remains the gold standard for histological and confirmatory diagnosis of this disease.