Educación Sexual en adolescentes de una institución educativa de un cantón de la provincia de El Oro.

Abstract

Adolescence is a critical stage of human development in which knowledge, attitudes, and practices are established that will influence future sexual and reproductive health. This study evaluated the impact of an educational intervention on sexuality among adolescent students at a public educational institution in Pasaje, Ecuador. A quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional approach was used with a sample of 216 students aged 13 to 16. A validated questionnaire was applied to assess knowledge, attitudes, and sexual practices before and after the program. The results showed significant improvements in knowledge about sexual anatomy, the menstrual cycle, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and the correct use of condoms. The percentage of students who understood the risks of unprotected sex increased from 55.6% to 100%, and those who knew how to properly use a condom rose from 32.9% to 100%. A positive shift in attitudes was also observed: the perception of sexuality as an integral dimension increased, and erroneous beliefs were reduced. Additionally, a decrease in risky sexual behaviors and a voluntary delay in sexual initiation were reported. A notable change was seen in sources of information: whereas Internet and peers were predominant before, after the intervention, mothers were more highly valued as educational figures. In conclusion, comprehensive sexuality education, with a gender perspective, culturally adapted and sustained over time, proved to be an effective tool for promoting informed sexual decisions, reducing risks, and fostering adolescent well-being