Abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico de artritis séptica en adultos en el tercer nivel de atención médica

Abstract

Acute septic arthritis is a disease that is on the rise and must be identified and treated to prevent short and long term complications. The mortality rate of this pathology is high because it is not treated in time and patients come to the emergency room in a state of sepsis or even shock, decreasing the probability of adequate management. Its identification is based on anamnesis, observation of local signs of inflammation, complementary systemic laboratory studies, specific synovial fluid culture and imaging studies to proceed with specific antibiotic therapy for the causal organism plus possible surgical intervention of the affected joint. Objective: To describe the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to septic arthritis in adults at hospital level by means of an updated bibliographic review for the establishment of an adequate management of this disease. Methodology: Descriptive study, documentary review in different international databases such as PubMed, MeSH, MDPI, Springer, of the last 5 years for the diagnosis and therapeutic management of septic arthritis. Conclusion: Synovial tissue culture is the Gold standard for the diagnosis of septic arthritis, with Staphylococcus aureus being the pathogen of greatest presentation (64% of cases) and its treatment is based on antibiotic therapy plus interventional management such as minimally invasive arthroscopy, to avoid complications such as limitation of function or even amputation.