Evaluación experimental de la cobertura parcial con manta solar en estanques acuícolas y su efecto en la temperatura.

Abstract

This study evaluated the effect of partial solar blanket (SB) coverage on water temperature in aquaculture ponds, as well as its influence on key water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and primary productivity. The experiment was conducted in a culture pond with three coverage levels (25 %, 50 %, and 75 %), compared to an uncovered control sector. Temperature measurements were taken at different depths and times of day, and laboratory analyses were conducted to quantify phytoplankton density. The results showed that the solar blanket improved heat retention during the night, especially with coverage levels of 50% and 75%. Furthermore, a decrease in heat loss and greater stability in the water column were observed. Regarding primary productivity, a higher concentration of microalgae was recorded in the 25% coverage treatment, while denser coverage reduced light penetration and impaired photosynthesis. DO and pH levels remained within ranges suitable for aquaculture, highlighting the stabilizing role of the solar blanket. Overall, the findings suggest that the solar blanket is a viable, low-cost, and environmentally sustainable strategy for improving water quality in aquaculture ponds, especially during early culture stages or colder periods.