Rol del perito químico forense dentro del protocolo de actuación en casos de violación por sumisión química con sustancias psicoactivas

Abstract

In Ecuador, rape is a problem at the national and international level, according to the demographic and maternal and child health survey in 2021, it shows that 31% of women have been victims of sexual crimes. The perpetrators use various strategies to achieve their goal and one of them is chemical submission. The aggressor in an opportunistic or premeditated way uses these psychoactive substances where 75% of the violations are by people close to the victim using drugs and alcohol. The objective of this investigation is to determine the role of the forensic chemical expert through the action protocol for the resolution in cases of rape by chemical submission with psychoactive substances. The forensic chemical expert is in charge of the application of presumptive and confirmation methods, through techniques such as chemiluminescence (QL), enzymatic (EMIT), radio immunoassay (RIA) and also thin layer chromatography (TLC), chromatography of gases coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) being the confirmatory methods the most used because they have greater sensitivity and specificity when separating compounds from biological samples such as urine and hair for the identification and quantification of the psychoactive substance, if the victim has ingested, assuming the role of a third party or outsider in the judicial process, giving qualified testimony for the resolution of a dispute.