Atención de enfermería en producto macrosómico por diabetes gestacional basada en la Teoría de Dorothea E. Orem

Abstract

Fetal macrosomia is one of the main causes of maternal and infant immediate morbimortality worldwide and is reflected approximately between 6% to 10% of all newborns, the main cause of morbimortality both towards the pregnant mother and equally towards the product during gestation or after birth in the short, medium and long term. Among its maternal complications we can find an increase in cesarean sections, postpartum hemorrhage and birth canal trauma, in which the newborn is mainly hypoglycemia caused by glucose imbalance in the transition period of extrauterine life, this is generally accompanied by infections and the development of birth trauma such as shoulder dystocia, brachial plexus injury, clavicle fracture and so it is preferred to use caesarean section. The purpose of this work is to perform nursing care based on Dorothea E. Orem's model, as a systematic theory of nursing care. Orem's model, as a systematic theory that helps us to act in an organized way and evaluate the deficit of self-care needed by the patient, following prenatal care protocols and through information and talks given to patients and citizens about fetal macrosomia, which is the main cause of morbidity and mortality of the product that may involve constitutional factors such as high maternal height and diabetes during gestation.