Abordaje diagnóstico del carcinoma medular de tiroides

Abstract

Introduction: Medullary thyroid carcinoma is a neoplasm derived from parafollicular cells or C cells, also known as solid carcinoma, C cell carcinoma or hyaline carcinoma, its mortality rate is 13.4% worldwide. Its prognosis is highly variable, since it depends on the stage in which it has been diagnosed, although it has an overall survival of 75 to 85% within 10 years of diagnosis. Objective: To establish the diagnostic approach for medullary thyroid carcinoma, through an updated bibliographic review of scientific articles, which generates updated knowledge on the subject. Methodology: This is a descriptive study, in which through an exhaustive search of bibliographic sources, an analysis and synthesis of various scientific articles collected from high-impact digital repositories such as PUBMED, COCHRANE, GOOGLE SCHOLAR and MEDSCAPE, of the last 5 years. Conclusion: Medullary thyroid cancer commonly presents asymptomatic and is detected mainly in the presence of a thyroid nodule regularly incidentally, this occurs through physical examination or radiological studies in search of another pathology. Its symptoms refer to hormonal hypersecretion compatible with endocrine syndromes. When associated with distant metastases, it can usually be localized to the liver, bone system, and respiratory system.