Factores que influyen en el análisis de citología cervical para la detección de cáncer

Abstract

Introduction: In the female population, cervical cancer is the second most common type of cancer. In developing countries, the majority of cancer cases are cervical cancer. In Ecuador, in the period 1990 to 2015, mortality and morbidity have increased by 36% and 46%, respectively. The importance of the Cervical Cytology (Pap) analysis procedure lies in being able to make an early diagnosis of the high risk of cancer in general and cervical cancer in particular. Cervical cytology error (false negative) occurs even in the most accredited laboratories that have established quality control programs. False negative results represent unpredictable “silent” threats in clinical practice. Objective: Identify the factors that influence cervical cytology analysis for cancer detection. Methodology: This study was carried out through a bibliographic review carried out during October 2023, taking into account international and national literature. The information was obtained from different databases such as: Pubmed, Science Scielo, Medline, as well as international consensus such as the literature published by the National Cancer Institute (NCI), Journal of Negative and No Positive Results (JONNPR) and the International Federation of gynecology and obstetrics (FIGO). Conclusion: There are different determining factors for the detection of precancerous lesions as well as cancer, such as quality of the sample or expertise of the pathologist analyst, so exhaustive care must be taken when evaluating this group of patients.