Técnicas quirúrgicas en el manejo del embarazo ectópico

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Ectopic pregnancy is considered one of the main obstetric emergencies that can occur in the first trimester of pregnancy. The location of ectopic pregnancy occurs in 95% of cases, in the fallopian tube, and 1% in the scar area of a previous Caesarea. OBJECTIVE: Determine surgical techniques used in the management of ectopic pregnancy METHODOLOGY: Extensive searches were conducted in academic and scientific databases, such as PubMed and Google Scholar, using search terms such as "ectopic pregnancy", "diagnosis", "management"". Articles published in indexed journals were selected between 2018 and 2023. DEVELOPMENT: Early and accurate diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy is crucial for effective management. In this sense, transvaginal ultrasound has become the main diagnostic tool, with high sensitivity and specificity. β-hCG levels can determine effective treatment options to successfully resolve an ectopic pregnancy. CONCLUSION: The management of ectopic pregnancy depends on the clinical presentation of the patient, being conservative, minimally invasive or invasive. Invasive methods are: laparotomy, laparotomy + bilateral salpingectomy or unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy; and among miniinvasives, we have: uterine artery embolization, intraamniotic injection of potassium chloride or methotrexate, Dilation and curettage by suction and tamponade with Foley balloon. The implementation of local methotrexate injection, guided by ultrasound, is a convenient alternative to treat uncomplicated ectopic pregnancy.