Eficacia de protocolos de entrenamiento en hipoxia simulada para mejorar el rendimiento de los árbitros de fútbol en ambientes de altura.

Abstract

This research focused on evaluating the effectiveness of simulated hypoxia training protocols as a strategy to enhance the physical performance of football referees who belong to the Association of Professional Football Referees of the province of El Oro (AAPFEO), addressing the issue of decreased performance when officiating matches in high-altitude cities. The general objective was to design an exercise guide based on hypoxia training to help optimize their physical capacity in environments with lower oxygen availability. The methodology used was quantitative with a descriptive scope, employing three data collection instruments: a structured Likert-type survey, an observation sheet, and physical tests (Course Navette Test and post-exercise heart rate recovery). The study population consisted of third- and fourth-category referees. The results revealed a low level of knowledge regarding hypoxia training and limitations in physical preparation, especially in anaerobic capacity and prolonged recovery times. Observations confirmed deficiencies during conventional training sessions, and physical tests showed low VO₂max levels. As a result of this analysis, a methodological proposal was designed, consisting of a four-week training plan that incorporates the use of hypoxia simulation masks. It is concluded that the implementation of specific strategies under simulated altitude conditions can enhance the physical performance of referees, contributing to a more comprehensive and context-adapted preparation for the environments in which they perform their duties.