Manejo diagnóstico y criterios de hospitalización en bronquiolitis

Abstract

Introduction: Bronchiolitis is one of the most frequent repiratory infections with seasonal behavior in childhood, especially in infants under 12 months, it is defined as an infection of the lower respiratory tract that is characterized by inflammation, edema and hypersecretion of mucus that leads to the collapse of the bronchioles. Respiratory syncytial virus is the main causative agent followed by rinovirus. Objective: To establish the diagnostic management and hospitalization criterio in patients with bronchiolitis. Methods and Materials: Through the bibliografic review of the updated scientific literature of the last 5 years, extracted from academic-scientific databases and oficial pages such as: Pubmed, Elsevier, Google Academico, Scielo, INEC. 18 bibliographic references were taken between articles and oficial pages considering the greatest scientific relevance. Conclusion: The diagnosis of bronchiolitis is fundamentally clinical, based on the clinical history and physical examination. Emphasizing the antecedents and suggestive symtoms of bronchiolitis is not recommended unless it has been posible to reach a definitive diagnosis through the clinical and anamnesis. The hospitalization criterio and factors associated with the admission and outcome of the peediatric intensive care unit are young age due to lack of inmune system development, pre-existing comorbidities (cardiac, neurological, pulmonary congenital abnormalities; low birth weight, prematurity).