Habilidades sociales y cognitivas en una niña con trastorno del espectro autista.

Abstract

This research study focuses on autism, analyzing variables such as social and cognitive skills. It emphasizes that autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting social interaction and communication, with a prevalence of 1 in 160 children, according to the WHO. In Ecuador, diagnoses have been increasing, highlighting the importance of early intervention. This study centers on a 7-year-old girl diagnosed with ASD in Machala, whose main problem is difficulty in social interaction and communication. The objective is to analyze the characteristics of her social and cognitive skills. A qualitative and descriptive approach is used, employing methods such as interviews, observations, and standardized scales ADOS-2 and CUMANES. The results reveal that the girl has severe difficulties in social interaction, displaying frustration, isolation, and limited eye contact. Regarding cognitive skills, significant deficiencies in language and memory were identified, with a neuropsychological development index classified as low medium. To improve her condition, proposed interventions include classroom group dynamics, learning clubs, family recreational activities, and dialogue circles. These actions aim to enhance both her social and cognitive skills, fostering comprehensive development and a better quality of life for the girl. The study underscores the need for an inclusive and personalized approach to education and support for children with ASD.