Insuficiencia renal su concepto, clasificación, síntomas y repercusiones en el cuerpo de los animales domésticos

Abstract

Kidneys are vital organs for life since their mechanisms of filtration, reabsorption and excretion, allow to maintain the homeostasis of the body; alteration of these functions affects the production of urine and the electrolytic, hydric, acid base equilibrium, as well as endocrine and metabolic activity, producing situations of renal failure (IR). The IR, diagnosed more frequently in animals of advanced ages, has as common causes: infections, obstruction, hemorrhagic, toxic, neoplasia, congenital and water balance problems causing acute symptoms that, if they are not treated in time, irreversible troubles can be produce. In advanced chronic failure conditions, functional loss of 75% of the renal mass is presented and therefore the risk of death of the animal is present. In this sense, it is very important to identify each one of the kidneys pathologies in order to establish an opportune diagnosis that makes possible its adequate treatment. In this paper, is briefly describe conceptual aspects and classification as well as a detailed description of renal physiologic aspects like functional, secretory, excretory and endocrine processes develop at the time that some of symptomatic consequences which affect negatively the activities of gastrointestinal, neuromuscular, ocular, cardiopulmonary, endocrine and metabolic systems. In addition, the different stages and evaluative parameters to kidneys failure for the diagnosis are described, as well the treatments that are generally establish in front of acute and chronic clinical situations.