Osteopenia en el climaterio: prevención de osteoporosis y fracturas.

Abstract

Introduction: The climacteric is a normal and physiological stage of women, between 45 and 64 years old, that is, at the end of premenopause, all menopause and onset of postmenopause, where physical, mental and hormonal changes occur, which alter your lifestyle, bringing with it several cardiovascular and bone diseases, which may lead to an onset or worsen the picture with risk factors such as: a diet low in calcium, inadequate vitamin D, sedentary lifestyle, smoking and alcoholism; causing hypoestrogenism and increased bone resorption, with a high risk of progression to osteoporosis and danger of fracture. Objective: To identify the preventive management of osteopenia, osteoporosis and fractures in the climacteric, through bibliographic reviews, to reduce the incidence of bone diseases and improve the quality of life. Method: Bibliographic searches of the last 5 years were carried out in online databases: PUBMED, MEDLINE, COCHRANE, SCIELO, ELSEVIER AND EMBASE, which included climacteric patients, with or without osteopenia, but without osteoporosis to identify the results of preventive treatment. Conclusion: A diet rich in calcium, adequate vitamin D, physical activity with resistance exercises, abandonment of the consumption of tobacco, alcohol and caffeine, help to slow the appearance of osteopenia and osteoporosis, but if it is not enough, it can be supplemented with estrogenic hormone therapy in hysterectomized women and combined with progesterone in those who preserve their uterus, so as not to cause endometrial hyperplasia, or endometrial cancer.