Atención integral en los adolescentes con consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en el primer nivel de atención

Abstract

The use of psychoactive substances is a public health problem. The most vulnerable group are adolescents due to risk factors that predispose them to the consumption of harmful substances. Studies mention that in schools up to 46% of students are consumers, 12% have dependency criteria. It was reported that in several countries 50% consume alcohol, 5.9% tobacco, 20% marijuana, 2.5% cocaine, and 1.5 to 2.2% crack. In Ecuador these figures are similar, alcohol 20%, 9% marijuana and 3.1% cocaine, 2.9% ecstasy. The objective of the work is to provide health workers with a comprehensive literature review on the consumption of psychoactive substances in adolescents and comprehensive management at the first level of care. The methodology is descriptive with the revision of the comprehensive care guide for the harmful consumption of alcohol, tobacco and other drugs in adolescents in Ecuador as well as scientific articles in Elsevier, Google Scholar, Pubmed of last 5 years obtaining documents among which the quartile type Q1 and Q2 stand out. The use of psychoactive substances in adolescents has consequences for their physical, mental health and social development. Currently the first level of care has a protocol which also applies to adolescents since there is no specific one based on patient recruitment and comprehensive care, managed on an outpatient and intensive outpatient basis its follow-up and prevention and promotion campaigns for this vulnerable group.