Impacto de la gestión del talento humano en la calidad de atención en instituciones de salud: una revisión sistemática de la literatura (2020-2025)

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the impact of human talent management (HTM) on the quality of healthcare through a systematic review of scientific literature published between 2020 and 2025. Articles were analyzed from databases such as Scopus, PubMed, SciELO, and Web of Science, selecting original research, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses in Spanish, English, and Portuguese. Strict inclusion and methodological evaluation criteria were applied based on the standards of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). The findings show that efficient HTM positively influences job satisfaction, organizational climate, staff retention, and service quality. In countries like Peru and Colombia, studies reported significant correlations between a healthy work environment and improved healthcare performance. In Cuba, a strong state-led model for health personnel training and development was identified, while in Spain, the importance of strategies for retaining senior talent was highlighted. In contrast, studies conducted in Ecuador revealed deficiencies in task assignments, motivation, and performance evaluation processes. It is concluded that HTM must align with clear institutional strategies, considering technical, ethical, and human aspects to strengthen health systems. Proper planning, continuous training, staff motivation, and equitable distribution of health professionals are critical to ensuring timely, efficient, and patient-centered care.