Ictericia neonatal y factores de riesgo.

Abstract

Introduction: Neonatal jaundice is defined as the yellowing of the skin and mucous membranes, caused by abnormally high levels of serum bilirubin, serum bilirubin greater than 5 mg / dl. Caused by a hyperbilirubinemia of indirect predominance secondary to hepatic immaturity, this being understood as physiological, and in other cases, hyperproduction of bilirubin secondary to hemolysis, and hepatic alterations, identifying this as pathological jaundice. Objective: To identify the risk factors of neonatal jaundice that are related to the development of this pathology that will allow us to reduce the incidence and with it the complications and sequelae in the newborn. Methodology: 10 indexed articles from the last 5 years obtained through biomedical research search engines such as PubMed, Google Scholar, The New England Journal of Medicine, Medscape and Science Direct, etc. Conclusions: Babies at risk of severe hyperbilirubinemia are associated with maternal and neonatal factors. Therefore, the identification of the factors may be effective in preventing susceptible predisposing factors in newborns and high-risk mothers. Before hospital discharge, each baby should be measured at the level of total serum bilirubin or transcutaneous bilirubin. The combination of this measure with the gestational age of the baby provides an excellent prediction of the risk of hyperbilirubinemia. Recommendations: Educate mothers who should go to the health center when they observe a yellow color on the child's skin and recommend sunbathing during the first 7 days.