Principales medidas profilácticas y terapéuticas utilizadas para la prevención de enfermedades en cultivos de camarón blanco litopenaeus vannamei

Abstract

The shrimp industry has become one of the most profitable and sustainable activities worldwide, and as it progresses it has evolved as intensified to cover the growing demand that this activity has, this has forced producers to have more exhaustive control over The crop Due to this, the animal's health plays an important role, since at higher densities there is an increase in stress, organic matter, demand for food and oxygen, which these factors interact directly with the environment and the shrimp and in turn with the microorganism existing in the crop. On the other hand, antibiotics were previously used to control diseases in the white shrimp culture but it has been shown that the incorrect use of antibiotics has a harmful effect and can cause some pathogens to resist some antibiotics, in addition to this Cause irreversible damage to the environment by turning shrimp activity as a non-profitable and sustainable activity. In the present work, a review is made on the good aquaculture practices that are used and the main prophylactic measures such as Probiotics, organic acid prebiotics and microalgae (Platymonas helgolandica, Chaetoceros mulleri y Chorella vulgaris) and therapeutic such as antibiotics and macro macro extracts seaweed (Undaria pinnatifida, Gracilaria birdiae, filipendula Sargassum y G. lemaneiformis) for disease control in order to minimize the risks caused by virus, bacteria, fungi, protozoan and other pathogens.