Proceso de atención de enfermería en recién nacido con inmaturidad extrema y síndrome de dificultad respiratoria

Abstract

Introduction: Premature birth is the one that occurs three weeks before the estimated date of birth, these have a higher risk of mortality, medical complications and consequences in neurological development. It presents a series of problems where the degree of immaturity of the systems to be able to adapt to the extrauterine life is evidenced, one of them is the Syndrome of Respiratory Difficulty. which is considered one of the most frequent in neonatal intensive care, 60% of the incidence with the highest prevalence in premature newborns less than 28 weeks was reported. In Ecuador, 1,437 deaths were recorded in 2020 with a decrease of 19. 4% compared to 2019, 42% as an unspecified fetal cause, followed by 33. 7% due to intrauterine hypoxia and with 1. 1% due to extreme immaturity, these neonates have a tissue formed by fat cells, which is called brown fat that is responsible for generating heat in response to cold through different processes, for its prevention and perinatal treatment, it is mainly used antenatal corticosteroids and therapy with surfactant, physiology The assessment of respiratory function is evidenced by oxygen saturation, respiratory rate and apnea events considering that apnea pauses may be related to decreased heart rate, it is crucially important to reduce death and disability in very premature infants, therefore, an organized method of care must be guaranteed where staff, equipment and the appropriate experience is tailored to the needs of the patient. Objective: To determine the nursing care process for patients with extreme immaturity plus respiratory distress syndrome, based on the conceptual model of Virginia Henderson, through a documentary review for the nursing care proposal. Methodology: This research work, which is based on a clinical method and a case study technique, is used to diagnose problems and generate hypotheses that allow them to be solved. A systematic search for scientific information on the subject was carried out in high impact journals such as: SCIELO, SCOPUS, PUBMED, DIALNET.