Efecto del uso de mulch en la modificación del microclima sobre diferentes dosis de fertilización nitrogenada en el cultivo de maíz (zea mays l)

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of plant mulch combined with different nitrogen fertilization rates on agronomic and productive variables of maize (Zea mays L.) under tropical conditions. The trial was conducted at the Santa Inés Experimental Farm of the Technical University of Machala using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four nitrogen treatments: 0%, 50%, 100%, and 150% of the crop requirement (240 kg N ha⁻¹), applied in strategically timed fractions. A uniform mulch composed of Digitaria sanguinalis, Eleusine indica, and broadleaf weeds was applied to all plots. Measured variables included plant height, stem diameter, ear weight and dimensions, yield, Brix degrees, and root weight. Statistical analysis involved normality tests, ANOVA with Duncan’s post hoc test, and Friedman with Nemenyi for non-parametric data. Results showed significant differences in yield and other variables, with the 100% N treatment being the most efficient. The mulch indirectly improved crop response by enhancing environmental stability and nitrogen use efficiency. It is concluded that combining mulch with optimal nitrogen fertilization improves maize productivity and is a viable agroecological practice for intensive systems.