Diagnóstico y tratamiento inicial de la oclusión intestinal del intestino delgado

Abstract

Introduction: The intestinal obstruction constitutes an abrupt cessation of the transit of the digestive content, which can be etiologically of mechanical, nervous and vascular cause. Objective: Describe the main characteristics of the initial diagnostic and therapeutic behavior of intestinal occlusion of the small intestine. Methods and Materials: This descriptive study was carried out by reviewing scientific articles that address these nosological entities to improve the prognosis of these patients, these being published through a maximum filter of 5 years, compiled from bibliographic sources such as: PubMed, Google Academic, Current Problems in Surgery. Results: It was compared from 15 bibliographic reviews where they define intestinal occlusion as an abrupt cessation of the transit of the digestive content, which can be etiologically of mechanical, nervous and vascular cause. Patients with this nosological entity have abdominal distension, absence of gas expulsion through the anus, increased peristalsis (in mechanical causes) and severe abdominal pain, often accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Conclusion: We can affirm that the main symptoms and signs of intestinal obstruction at the level of the small intestine are presented with nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and constipation. The computerized axial tomography has taken greater participation in the evaluation of the patients, allowing to identify the cause of the obstruction and also to evaluate its severity.