Diagnóstico y tratamiento de osteomielitis secundaria tras implante de prótesis de rodilla

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Osteomyelitis is an acute or chronic pathology that causes bone damage and tissue destruction, one of the less frequent causes is knee prosthesis implants that occurs in approximately 2% of the population, with the advance of the medicine have improved the quality of life of countless people; however, due to the material of the prosthesis and the patient's reaction, can cause osteomyelitis, requiring both diagnosis and adequate medical and surgical treatment to preserve joint functionality. OBJECTIVE: To establish the different diagnostic and therapeutic options in patients with secondary osteomyelitis after knee prosthesis implantation through an updated bibliographic review of scientific articles and clinical practice guidelines for adequate medical and surgical management. METHODS: An exhaustive search was carried out for articles and clinical practice guidelines in journals with high scientific impact: such as PubMed, NIH, Cochrane, Scielo and Medscape corresponding to Quartiles 1 and 2 from 2016 to the present. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of osteomyelitis secondary to knee replacement is clinical, imaging and bacteriological, the most frequent germ is S. aureus, treatment must be individualized and multidisciplinary, including antibiotic therapy and surgical management, prophylactic antibiotic therapy and intervention in risk factors have reduced the cases of osteomyelitis after prosthesis implantation.