Algoritmo comunitario para la prevención de la hipertensión arterial en poblaciones vulnerables del Ecuador: revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

Abstract: Introduction: High blood pressure is one of the main public health problems in Ecuador, with a high prevalence in vulnerable populations where social, economic, and environmental factors converge, making its prevention and timely control difficult. Objective: To analyze the available scientific evidence on community strategies for the prevention of high blood pressure and propose an algorithm adapted to the Ecuadorian context. Methodology: A narrative review of the scientific literature published between 2015 and 2025 was conducted using evidence-based medicine databases. Inclusion criteria focused on community interventions in cardiovascular health and vulnerable populations were applied. Results: Key social determinants, successful experiences in Latin America, and the usefulness of algorithms as tools for standardizing care were identified. Based on this evidence, a community-based algorithm was designed in five phases: awareness, risk stratification, differentiated intervention, systematic education, and registry-monitoring. Conclusions: The proposed algorithm strengthens primary care through a preventive, intercultural, and participatory approach. Its implementation can improve early detection of hypertension, promote healthy lifestyles, and effectively connect the community with the health system. Field validation and institutional support are recommended to ensure sustainability.