Cuidando a paciente con síndrome de Stevens Johnson: a propósito de un caso

Abstract

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) is a severe dermatological disease characterized by epidermal necrolysis and mucosal involvement, usually induced by drugs or infections. Objective: To provide nursing care to a patient with Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) in order to improve their health and restore the skin integrity caused by the disease. Methodology: A descriptive, observational, and qualitative study was conducted. It analyzed the case of a 28-year-old patient who was admitted to the hospital with a local skin infection that progressed to SJS, maculopapular lesions, mucosal erosions, and ocular involvement. Comprehensive management was implemented, including intravenous hydration, analgesia, antibiotics, antivirals, and dermatological care, resulting in a favorable clinical outcome. From a nursing perspective, care plans were implemented in SOAPIE format, prioritizing pain management and infection prevention. To structure the interventions, the NANDA-NIC-NOC taxonomy was used, identifying two key nursing diagnoses: acute pain (NANDA 00282) and risk of infection (NANDA 00004). Strategies implemented included administration of analgesics, protective dressings, relaxation techniques, antibiotics, and sterile dressings, reducing pain perception from 8/10 to 4/10 and preventing secondary infections. Hospital outcomes demonstrated the importance of early diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach to minimize complications and improve prognosis. It is concluded that Stevens-Johnson syndrome requires timely and coordinated treatment and outpatient follow-up to avoid long-term sequelae. It is essential to strengthen the training of healthcare personnel in the recognition and management of this condition, as well as to optimize care protocols based on scientific evidence.